Quality Aware Smart Decisions Under Uncertainty - 1682 Words

IV. QUALITY-AWARE SMART DECISIONS UNDER UNCERTAINTY This section details the framework to process the QoC at each level of the context processing chain for our ubiquitous notification assistant. Additionally, it presents a probabilistic decision support model to tackle the runtime uncertainty. A brief account of our DDN model is also presented in this section. A. QoC-awareness in smart notification assistant The actions of the smart notification assistant are influenced by the uncertainty involved while processing multiple context types at runtime, in this case the locality and availability of the caregiver. As context data is extremely volatile, it requires certain QoC attributes (e.g. precision, accuracy, timeliness, trustworthiness) to†¦show more content†¦1. It depicts the significance of QoC requirements at each level of the context processing chain, from context fetching (low-level) to the context usage (high-level). The main data quality issues for our use case at the lower level can be the place and position of the sensor and the fact that the sensor may be accidentally altered resulting in wrong events. In case of a GPS sensor to infer the location of the user, the signals may be lost indoors. False events generated from these sensor’s can pose a non-negligible impact on a user’s (patient) health. Moreover, inferring context knowledge from this data will h amper the quality of the overall context data from lower level to the higher level of context processing and knowledge generation. A lack of quality at this level may harm the reasoning and actuation properties and reduce the ability of the ubiquitous notification assistant to determine the actual situation of the patient. It can have an unexpected effect on the real-time operations of the system as the derived context knowledge may be incorrect, consequently affecting the smart decisions of the system and preventing it from offering tailored interactions based on the user’s (patient) current QoC requirements. Global attributes like Timeliness must be satisfied over the entire life time of the system. Different local attributes within a context might guarantee a global attribute. Moreover, a local attribute can

Mgt 521 Week 1 Paper Channels of Communication Free Essays

MGT 521 Channels of Communication According to our readings, â€Å"There are two main forms of communication channels; oral communication and written communication. † (Robbins Judge, 2011). Within these two channels, there are 10 different types of communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Mgt 521 Week 1 Paper Channels of Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the communication process, it is important for the sender to clearly convey the meaning of the message for the receiver to be able to interpret. In order to achieve this goal, the correct communication channel and style must be used. Scenario I To interact with your team about the best beverage strategy, I would use an informal communication channel. According to our readings, an informal communication channel would â€Å"provide feedback to upper management, which would lead toward progress in achieving higher goals and relay any issues that may occur in help resolve these issues† (Robbins Judge, 2011). Further, face to face communication would be the best form of oral communication to be used as an informal communication channel. The team only has one week to develop a global marketing strategy, so the meetings must be more informal and be able to work out the possibilities in a live face to face series of meetings. Other forms of communication such as phone calls, voicemail, or emails could result in slower and shorter discussions. The team needs to be as efficient with their time as possible to deliver this strategy. To convey the strategy to the VP of Operations, I would use a more formal and upward communication channel. According to our readings, a formal channel of communication is â€Å"established by the organization and transmit messages related to the professional activities of members. They traditionally follow the authority chain within the organization† (Robbins Judge, 2011). Since formal communication follows the chain of command, it is more proper for the team to put their strategy in a written presentation for initial review I would send the VP of Operations an electronic communication (e-mail) that would present the strategy because this is the quickest way to send a lot of information for review. Once the e-mail has been received and reviewed, I would follow up with a video conference to achieve a more face to face communication channel and make sure that all business plans are clearly hashed out and analyzed. This would also be a good solution is the VP is at another location and would not have to travel to have a final meeting. Scenario II In this scenario I would use a formal communication channel with e-mail communication to contact the IT department. This email can be marked with high priority and be received immediately by the IT department. Also, formal e-mail would follow company procedure and allow a written, documented channel of communication for their records and verification. I would also use e-mail communication as a type of downward communication to inform my employees about what happed as well as provide them with the new login name and password. This type of downward communication is best for employee communication or when the management wants to inform a large number of employees. This type keeps employees informed and offers security by allowing each employee the opportunity to click and create a new login name and password. In addition, I would use a memo as a second form of communication, to make sure that all employees have another form of written communication in case they have not checked their e-mail. As always, if employees have additional questions or concerns, they can always use verbal face to face communication and simply approach their manager for more information if the written communication is not clear. Scenario III For this for this difficult situation, I would first use oral communication through an all employee meeting. I would inform about the difficulties of the company, and the overall tough decision to let some employees go in order to keep the business afloat. I think that oral communication is more sincere, and employees can see the nonverbal body language of the employer as they explain this difficult situation. Also, an important aspect of a face to face meeting is that it avoids rumors or the grapevine affect that would most likely occur if the employer simply sent a memo or e-mail to the employees. I would want the employees to have the equal opportunity to this information and avoid hurtful rumors or gossip that would likely occur from a simple electronic written message. To inform the affected employees, I would use both oral and written communication. I would first approach them in person and ask to talk to them in person (in private) in my office. If I sent an e-mail or other form, this would create anxiety and be unfair to the employees. I would be as respectful and to the point as possible. In the oral line of communication, I would show my sincerest efforts to show apathy for the situation and also offer any help with a reference for future employment opportunities. I would also be businesslike and explain the last day and other important information that will be completed to confirm the termination. I would follow up with written communication for both sides’ records. I would send a private email for the privacy of the recipient and mark a high priority with a recipient’s confirmation attached to the email upon its opening. This line of communication would have all of the details and state the date all of this will come in effect. An e-mail can also have an attachment with any paperwork that needs to be signed before the last day. This final written communication is more formal and brings closure and hopefully less emotion to the communication process. Works Cited Robbins, Stephen P. Judge, Timothy A.. (2011). Organizational Behavior. Fourteenth Edition; Published by Prentice Hall How to cite Mgt 521 Week 1 Paper Channels of Communication, Essay examples

Zen And The Art Of Discipline Essay Example For Students

Zen And The Art Of Discipline Essay Most people are physically capable of parenthood. It takes no talent and very little effort to produce a little miracle. The surreal experience of bringing home a new life is so awe-inspiring that it almost defies description. What I dont understand is why so many carry their initial awe into upbringing. Their children forever remain miraculous and perfect to the point of excusing all misbehavior. These parents equate unconditional love with unconditional tolerance. Unbelievably, they are unaware of the disservice to their children. They either dont understand or dont want to accept their responsibility as parents. I believe that there is no greater responsibility than parenthood. Becoming a parent is the most important decision one can make because parenthood relates to the formation of a human being who will assimilate into society. It is the parents responsibility to mold a child into productive adulthoodnot only for the childs sake, but for the sake of future generations produced by the child. To be a competent parent requires, at the very least, an understanding of the role. I dont think that most people stop to consider the implications of the role and the necessary sacrifices involved. These necessary sacrifices are extremely mentally and physically taxing. I was thirty-one when Lauren was born. Over the past eighteen years, I have spent most of my time raising her. I entered into parenthood with an understanding of the personal sacrifice involved. In other words, I had no illusions about parenthood and realized it would be difficult. I purposely waited as long as I did to enjoy and learn from my life as an individual and from my marriage without children. When Lauren was born, I was ready to put her first, no matter how unpleasant or difficult it might be. While observing other parents, I was surprised to see that most were unwilling to deal with the disturbing aspects of parenthood. Discipline is as unpleasant for parents as it is for their children. It is endless and interferes with adult life most of the time. From my experience, a child will flourish in a disciplined home and is actually relieved of stress by the process. However, the process takes endless mental and physical energy, whether the parent feels like it or not. I have observed that most parents just dont feel like making the effort. Time and again I have seen parents deal with their childrens feelings and not their actions. I dont understand the indulgence, but I know its easier. Discussion, rather than action, is required to deal with feelings. You have a talk with the child and your job as a parent is conveniently finished. However, the child never seems to learn because her actions remain unaddressed. There has been no discipline. A childs actions are the indicators of the person she is becoming. I must say that I never could crawl inside my daughters mind, but I did know what she said and did. If her words and actions were unacceptable, she was disciplined to learn that they would not be tolerated. The discipline was usually inconvenient for me. There was crying involved, my presence was necessary and my routines were disturbed. So what? I thought my daughters lesson was more important than my sense of peace and my need for relaxation. Unfortunately, for whatever reason, I think that many of todays parents prefer to relax. It is easier to selfishly avoid discipline and be a pushover rather than a parent. This self-indulgence ignores responsibility and the child. It effectively ignores the child as well as the behaviors that will carry into adulthood. Discipline is the key to development. I have experienced it as a child and have implemented it as a parent. It was my parents duty and it became mine. Someday it will be Laurens. I have found that child rearing is one long succession of disciplines. In fact, I believe that child rearing is synonymous with discipline. Child rearing is assuming the role of teacher to child. To confirm my understanding of discipline as a teaching, I decided to look up the words definition. .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 , .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .postImageUrl , .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 , .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:hover , .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:visited , .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:active { border:0!important; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:active , .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00 .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f0992ec5f82be569bafc9d8abb4be00:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Architecture is what runs a society EssayI found that my understanding is now labeled as obsolete and that discipline is primarily defined as punishment. I dont agree. I have always regarded discipline as authoritative and punishment as authoritarian. I dont appreciate the negative spin of the primary definition and the emotional response it probably evokes. However, the definition may somewhat explain the current trend of parental permissiveness. Perhaps todays parents are afraid of the negative connotations of discipline. I can only speculate on the premise, because I cant relate to it. Here is my experience: I have been insulted by todays parents. They have called me a mean mother and have inferred that I was abusive and inconsiderate. Because of my actions, I would create a rebellious child who would hate me. Early on, I punished my child with spankings when she misbehaved. Outsiders mistakenly likened a spanking to a beating. In their opinion, I should have not only understood, but accepted the feelings that caused Lauren to misbehave. I should have reasoned with her regardless of the immaturity of her thought processes and her inability to communicate them to me. I thought they were foolish and didnt care what they thought of me or my efforts to maintain parental authority. I was never afraid of rebellion or of losing my daughters love, as they evidently were. When I was a child, I received spankings both from my parents and from schoolteachers. Every insolent and disobedient child did. For me and for most others, it only took one spanking to understand who was in control and what would not be tolerated. I was never spanked twice for the same mistake. The threat became the controlling tool because I, and every other child, knew that the discipline would be carried out. I dont know of anyone, including my own daughter, who rebelled or sustained psychological damage because of swats on the bottom. Lauren never had to be spanked for the same mistake twice. The spankings were Zen moments for her, as they had been for me. They were an effective disciplinary tool. She learned her lessons and developed a respect for authority. As Lauren grew, she was usually able to understand my reasoning, but she often did not accept it. Because of this, she was often disciplined with groundings or extra work. Privileges were taken from her that caused her great upset. Many times my husband I suffered through the groundings with her. For example, a pleasant outing would be cancelled for her and for us because of her misbehavior. Our weekends were ruined as were hers. We were disappointed, but a lesson had to take place. She continued to learn that if she couldnt follow our rules she would have to experience unpleasant consequences. What she had to experience was unpleasant for everyone, but she learned and her mistakes werent repeated.

Seed priming technique Essay Example

Seed priming technique Paper Abstraction Seed priming is a technique by which seeds are partly hydrated to a point where sprouting processes begin but extremist outgrowth does non happen. Priming can be found effectual both for leguminous plants and grain harvests. A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer of 2007. The seeds were invigorated by traditional soakage ( hydropriming ) , osmo-conditioning ( soaking of seeds in aerated, low-water-potential solutions ) utilizing, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate KH2PO4, Mannitol, Polyethylene ethanediol ( PEG ) , sodium molybdate ( Na2MO4.2H2O ) and hormonal priming by utilizing salicylic acid ( SA ) . The scopes of osmotic potency for all the priming interventions were -0.5 to -1.2 M Pa. All the animation interventions significantly affected works energy, biomass, root, shoot length and nodulation. Osmopriming utilizing P @ 0.60 % applied in the signifier of KH2PO4 significantly improved seed energy in footings of average outgrowth clip ( 5.52 to 4.51 yearss ) , concluding sprouting per centum ( 74 to 89 % ) root and shoot length and nodulation ( 0 to 4 nodules seedling-1 ) followed by Osmitrol priming ( Mannitol @ 2 % ) . Overall all the seed priming techniques significantly improved the energy of mungbean seedlings as comparison to command. The usage of polythene ethanediol is expensive and gave similar consequences as for dry seeding so it should be replaced by hydropriming in farther experiments. It is recommended that nutrient-priming and osmopriming can be used as effectual tool for animation of mungbean seeds, for better growing and seedling constitution. We will write a custom essay sample on Seed priming technique specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Seed priming technique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Seed priming technique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cardinal words: Osmo-priming, hydropriming, Vigna radiata, seedling energy, nodulation Introduction Seed priming is a pattern by which seeds are partly hydrated to a point where sprouting processes begin but extremist outgrowth does non happen ( Harris et al. , 2000 ) . Seed priming can be found effectual for legumes i.e. , outputs of Mungbean and Chickpea were increased well by priming seeds for 8 H before seeding ( Harris et al. , 1999 ; Musa et al. , 2001 ; Rashid et al. , 2004 ) . Mungbean ( Vigna radiata ( L. ) Wilczek ) is grown on over 200,000 hour angle with production of more than 100,000 T under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Pakistan. Outputs for the rainfed country are by and large low and variable due to sparse, fickle rainfall and fringy dirts. Mungbean production in Punjab Province is dependent chiefly on surface irrigation but it is besides grown under rain fed conditions. In the Southern part of Pakistan rainfall is bare and mungbean is grown with surface irrigation merely. Poor harvest constitution is a major restraint for mungbean production ( Naseem et. al. , 1997 ; Rahmianna et al. , 2000 ) and high outputs can be associated with early energy ( Kumar et al. , 1989 ) . Improved seed animation techniques are being used to cut down the sprouting clip, to acquire synchronised sprouting, better sprouting rate, and better seedling base in many horticultural ( Bradford et al. 1990 ; Rudrapal and Nakamura 1998 ) and field harvests like wheat, corn ( Aquilla and Tritto 1991 ; Basra et Al. 2002 ) and more late rice ( Farooq et al. 2004 ) . These animation techniques include hydropriming, osmoconditioning ( Basra et al. 2005 ) , osmohardening ( Farooq et al. 2006 ) and indurating ( Farooq et al. 2004 ) . These interventions can besides be employed for earlier and better babys room base constitution ( Lee et al. 1998 ) . This survey was initiated to research the effects of aerated hydration, hormonal priming ( salicylic acid ) , alimentary priming ( Phosphorous and molybdenum burden ) and osmo-conditioning on mungbean ( vigna radiata ) seed energy under green house conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seed stuff Seeds of mungbean cultivar Chakwal Mung-97 ( CH-MUNG 97 ) were obtained from Barani Agricultural Research Institute ( BARI ) , Chakwal. The seeds were sterilized by utilizing 30 % hypochlorite for five proceedingss and so washed three times with distilled H2O. Seed Treatments The following seed priming interventions were applied Food priming The seeds were soaked in aerated solution of phosphoric ( P @ 0.60 A ; 1.20 % ) and molybdate ( Mo @ 0.02 A ; 0.04 % ) . The beginnings for phosphoric and Mo were potassium dihydrogen phosphate ( KH2PO4 ) and sodium molybdate ( Na2MoO4.2H2O ) , severally. Osmopriming The seeds were soaked in aerated solutions of Osmitrol ( mannitol @ 2 % A ; 4 % ) and polyethylene glycole ( Polyethylene glycol @ 5 % A ; 10 % ) . Hormonal priming The seeds were soaked in aerated solution of salicylic acid ( SA @ 10 A ; 20 ppm ) Post intervention operations After seed treatments the seeds were given surface rinsing three times by distilled H2O. Aeration was besides applied by pump. Air dried dirt was placed in 10-cm tall plastic pots with 6-cm diameter. The dirt used in the pot experiment was flaxen loam holding pH of 7.9. Dirt was made crumbly by rubing the surface with a two centimeter broad table fork to a deepness of 1-cm of moist dirt. The seeds were besides inoculated before seeding. Ten Numberss of seeds were planted in each pot and thinned to six workss per pot. Similar sum of H2O applied in regular intervals to all pots under survey. The workss were harvested 21 yearss after seeding ( DAS ) , and seedlings root/shoot length were taken. The seedlings were dried at 75 oC for 48 hours and the dry affair was eventually determined. The complete randomized design ( CRD ) was used in pot experiment. Analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) was used to compare intervention agencies. Consequence The information showed that different seed priming interventions had important ( p lt ; 0.05 ) consequence on average outgrowth clip ( MET ) . The average outgrowth clip decreased with the application of seed priming interventions. Maximal average outgrowth clip ( 5.52 yearss ) observed in T1 ( control ) where dry untreated seeds were sown. Minimum ( 4.51 yearss ) MET was observed in T5 ( P @ 0.06 % applied in the signifier of KH2PO4 ) . All the interventions resulted in lower MET as comparison to command ( 5.52 yearss ) . The information besides revealed similar tendency with regard to fifty per centum ( E50 ) seeds to emerge as of MET. The lowest E50 was observed in T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) . There was important ( p lt ; 0.05 ) consequence of different seed priming techniques on dry weight of 21 yearss old seedlings ( Fig 1 ) . The maximal fresh and dry weight was obtained in T5. All the priming interventions increased the fresh and dry weight of the seedlings except T2 and T12. Equally far as concluding sprouting is concerned maximal sprouting was achieved in T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) . The lowest sprouting per centum was observed in T11 and T12 where polythene ethanediol was applied at the rate of five ( 5 ) and ten ( 10 ) per centum ( Table 1 ) . There was important ( p lt ; 0.05 ) consequence of different seed priming techniques on nodule formation and figure of 21 yearss old seedlings ( Fig 1 ) . All the priming techniques significantly increased the nodulation of seedlings as comparison to command except T10 and T12. Maximum nodule figure was observed in T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) followed by T3 ( Mo @ 0.02 % ) . The information besides depicts that T9 and T11 are at par and T1, T10 and T12 gave similar consequences. The information depicts that seed priming had important impact on the root every bit good as shoot length, 21 yearss after seeding ( DAS ) . All the priming interventions significantly increased the root every bit good as shoot length of seedlings. The information revealed that T5 ( P @ 0.60 % ) and T9 ( mannitol @ 2 % ) gave the best consequences. The lowest root length ( 4.56 centimeter ) was observed in control. T4 ( Mo @ 0.04 % ) showed lower root length than T2 and T3 ( Mo @ 0.02 % ) and higher from control. Treatment T6 ( P @ 1.2 % ) showed lower root length than T5 ( P @ 0.06 % ) and at par with T1 and T4. Hormonal priming utilizing salicylic acid ( SA @ 20 ppm ) besides showed lower root length than T7 ( SA @ 10 ppm ) and at par with T4 and T6. The information besides showed that T10 ( mannitol @ 4 % ) is lower than T9 ( mannitol @ 2 % ) and at par with T7. The information besides depicts that T12 ( PEG @ 10 % ) showed lower root length as comparison to T11 ( PEG @ 5 % ) whic h showed besides higher root length than all other interventions except T2 and T9 ( Figure 1 ) . Maximal shoot length observed in the T5 ( P @ 0.06 % ) followed by T9 ( mannitol @ 2 % ) . The information besides depicts the shortest shoot length was observed in the control. The information besides revealed that T4 resulted in lower shoot length than T3 and T2. It is besides apparent that T6 is lower than T5 and at par with T3 and T2 ( Figure 1 ) . T8 showed higher shoot length than T7 and at par with T2, T3 and T6. Treatments T9 and T10 and T11, T12 besides showed similar consequences. Discussion Earlier and more unvarying sprouting and outgrowth was observed in fit seeds as indicated by lower MET and E50, higher sprouting per centum and root and shoot dry weight ( tables 1 ) . Lesser MET and E50 specify the earlier and rapid sprouting. These findings support the anterior work on canola ( Brassica compestris ) ( Zheng et al. , 1994 ) , wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) ( Nayyar et al. , 1995 ) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) ( Lee and Kim 2000 ; Basra et al. , 2003 ) who described improved sprouting rate and per centum in seeds subjected to hydropriming and seed hardening for 24 H. This survey revealed that osmo, food and hormonal priming could inspire mungbean seeds. One of the grounds for reduced MET is that during pre-sowing seed treatments the quiescence of the seed is broken and the seed bio-chemical procedures commences, which lead to faster sprouting and outgrowth ( Farooq et al. , 2006 ) . Seed priming ensured the proper hydration, which resulted in enhanced activity of a-amylase that hydrolyzed the macro amylum molecules in to smaller and simple sugars. The handiness of instant nutrient to the shooting seed gave a vigorous start as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds ( Farooq et al.,2006 ) during priming de novo synthesis of a-amylase is besides documented ( Lee and Kim, 2000 ) . Early outgrowth as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds may be due to the faster production of sprouting metabolites ( Saha et al. 1990 ; Lee A ; Kim 2000 ; Basra et Al. 2005 ) and better familial fix, i.e. earlier and faster synthesis of DNA, RNA and p roteins ( Bray et al. 1989 ) . Gray and Steckel ( 1983 ) besides concluded that priming increased embryo length, which resulted in early induction of sprouting in carrot seeds. The increased shoot and root length in fit workss can be due to metabolic fix of harm during intervention and that alteration in sprouting events i.e. , alterations in enzyme concentration and formation and decrease of slowdown clip between imbibition and radicle outgrowth ( Bradford et al. , 1990 ) . Treated seeds had stronger embryos that were able to more easy emerge from seeds ( Harris et al. , 2005 ) . These consequences are besides in line with the findings of Sekiya et Al. ( 2009 ) who reported enhanced root and shoot length of seedlings obtained from P enriched seeds. To lend to works growing and development seed priming has been widely reported technique ( Harris et al. , 2005 ) . Ajouri et Al. ( 2004 ) reported a stimulation of P and Zn uptake, every bit good as an improved sprouting and seedling growing in barley after soaking seeds in H2O and in solutions incorporating 5-500 millimeter P. It has been besides reported fresh seeds had higher energy degrees ( Ruan et al. 2002 ) , which resulted in earlier start of outgrowth as high energies seed tonss performed better than low vigour 1s ( Hampton and Tekrony 1995 ) . Yamauchi and Winn ( 1996 ) besides reported positive correlativity between seed energies and field public presentation in rice. Earlier, Zheng et Al. ( 2002 ) reported earlier and unvarying outgrowth in rice seeds osmoprimed with KCl and CaCl2 and assorted salts under afloat conditions. Hydropriming improved the early and vigorous harvest constitution in corn ( Nagar et al. 1998 ) and Helichrysum bracteatum L. ( Grzesik A ; Nowak 1998 ) . However, other surveies resulted in hapless outgrowth from hydroprimed Kentucky blue grass seeds under field conditions ( Pill A ; Necker 2001 ) . However Nascimento and West ( 1999 ) reported early sprouting of fit seeds but non recorded any betterment in the growing of seedlings in sweet melon seeds under research lab conditions. Confusing consequences, where priming did non demo any good consequences, besides reported by different research workers ( Mwale et al. , 2003 ; Giri and Schillinger, 2003 ) . The addition of nodulation, seedling energy and tolerance to emphasiss may depend on assorted factors happening during priming intervention. One hypothesis is that benefits of priming can be due to metabolic fix of harm during intervention and that alteration in sprouting events i.e. , alterations in enzyme concentration and formation and reduces lag clip between imbibition and radicle outgrowth ( Bradford et al. , 1990 ) . One of the possible grounds for early nodule formation may be due to enhanced activity of a-amylase and sucrose synthase in primed seeds which may ease works growing and energy ( Lee and Kim, 2000 ) . From the present survey it may be concluded that seed priming may heighten the seedling energy of mungbean. Nutrient priming utilizing phosphoric and osmopriming with Osmitrols were the most efficient priming interventions in this survey. In farther research work biochemical footing for the enhanced phenology of mungbean may be evaluated. Mentions Aquilla D. A. , V. Tritto. 1991. Germination and biochemical activities in wheat seeds following delayed harvest home, ageing and osmotic priming. Seed Sci.Tech.19:73 82. Anonymous.2009. Agriculture statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. Economic wing, Islamabad. Pp. 46-47. Association of Official Seed Analysis ( AOSA ) . 1998. Rules for proving seeds. J. Seed Tec.12:1-112. Association of Official Seed Analysis ( AOSA ) .1983.Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. Barber, S. A. 1995. Soil alimentary bioavailability, 2nd edn. Willey, New York Basra, S. M. A. , M. Farooq, K. Hafeez and N. Ahmad. 2004. Osmohardening: A new technique for rice seed animation. Int. Rice Res.Notes.29:80 81. Basra SMA, Farooq M, Tabassum R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical facets of seed energy sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.33:623 628. Basra S. M. A. , M. N. Zia, T. Mehmood, I. Afzal, A. Khaliq.2002. Comparison of different animation techniques in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) seeds. Pak. J Arid Agric.5:11 16. Basra, S. M A. , Farooq, M. and Tabassum, R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical facets of seed energy sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.33:623-628. Basra, S.M.A. , Farooq, M. and Khaliq, A.2003.Comparative survey of pre-sowing seed sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci.1:5-9. Basra, S.M.A. , Farooq, M. , Hafeez, K and Ahmed, N.2004.Osmohardening: A new technique for rice seed animation. Inter. Rice Res.Notes.27:74-75. Basra, S.M.A. , Farooq, M. , Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2005. Physiological and biochemical facets of seed energy sweetening interventions in all right rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.33: 623-628. Basra, S.M.A. , M. Farooq and A. Khaliq. 2003.Comparative survey of pre-sowing seed sweetening interventions in indica rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Pakistan J. Life Soc.Sci.1: 5-9. Basra, S.M.A. , Zia, M.N. , Mehmood, T. , Afzal, I. and Khaliq, A.2002.Comparision of different animation techniques in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) seeds. Pak. J. Arid Agri.5:11-16. Bose, B. and Mishra, T. 1992. Response of wheat seed to pre-sowing seed interventions with Mg ( NO3 ) . Annals.Agri.Res.13:132-136. Bradford KJ, Steiner JJ, Trawatha SE.1990. Seed priming influence on sprouting and outgrowth of pepper seed tonss. Crop Sci.30:718 721. Bradford, K.J. , 1990. A H2O dealingss analysis of the seed sprouting rates. Plant Physiol.94:840-849. Bray C.M. , P.A. Davison, M. Ashraf, R.M. Taylor, Biochemical alterations during osmopriming of leek seeds, Ann.Bot.Lond.63:185-193. Bray, C.M. , Davison, P.A. , Ashraf, M. , Taylor, R.M. 1989. Biochemical alterations during osmopriming of leek seeds. Annalss Bot.36:185-193. Chojnowski M. , F. Corbineau, D. C A ; ocirc ; me, Physiological and biochemical alterations induced in helianthus seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and ripening, Seed Sci.Res.7:323-331. Coolbear, P. , Francis, A. , Grierson, D.1984.The consequence of low temperature pre-sowing intervention under the sprouting public presentation and membrane unity of unnaturally aged tomato seeds. J.Exp.Bot.35:1609-1617. Rudrapal, D. , S. Nakamura, The consequence of hydration-dehydration pretreatments on aubergine and radish seed viability and energy. Seed Sci.Tech.16:123-130. Dahal, P. , Bradford, K.J. , 1990. Effectss of priming and endosperm unity on seed sprouting Das, J. C. , and A. K. Choudhury. 1996. Consequence of seed hardening, K fertiliser, and paraquat as anti-transpirant on rainfed wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) . Indian J. Agron. 41:397-400. Duman, I. 2006. Effectss of seed priming with PEG or K3PO4 on Germination and Seedling Growth in Lettuce. Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 9 ( 5 ) : 923-928 Ellis, R.A. and E.H. Roberts. 1981. The quantification of ageing and endurance in Orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. and Technol. 9: 373-409 Farooq M, Basra SMA, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2006. Integration of pre-sowing soakage, chilling and heatingtreatments for energy sweetening in rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) . Seed Sci.Tech.34:499 506. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Ahmad N. 2005. Thermal hardening: A new seed energy enhancement tool in rice. J.Integ.PlantBio.47:87 193. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Warriach EA. 2004. The influence of high and low temperature interventions on the seed sprouting and seedling energy of coarse and all right rice. Int.RiceRes.Notes.29:69 71. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K. 2006. Seed animation by osmohardening in all right and harsh rice. Seed Sci.Tech.34:181 187. Farooq M, Basra SMA, Karim HA, Afzal I. 2004. Optimization of seed indurating techniques for rice seed animation. Emir.J.Agric.Sci.16:48 57. Farooq, M. , Basra, S.M.A. , Hafeez, K and Ahmad, N. 2005.Thermal hardening: a new seed energy enhancement tool in rice. Ac.Bot.Sin.47:187-193. Farooq, M. , Basra, S.M.A. , Hafeez, K and Warriach, E.A. 2004.The influence of high and low temperature interventions on the seed sprouting and seedling energy of coarse and all right rice. Inter. Rice Res.29:69-71. Farooq, M. , Basra, S.M.A. , Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2006. Evaluation of seed vigour sweetening techniques on physiological and biochemical footing in harsh rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) Seed Sci.Tech.34:741-750. Farooq, M. , S.M. A. Basra and R.Tabassum.2006. Enhancing the public presentation of direct seeded all right rice by seed priming. Plant Prod. Sci.4: 446-456. Fu, J.R. , X.H. Lu, R.Z. Chen, B.Z. Zhang, Z.S. Liu, Z.S. Li, et al. , Osmoconditioning of peanut ( Arachis hypogen L. ) seeds with PEG to better energy and some biochemical activities. Seed Sci.Tech.16:197-212. Giri, G. S and W. F. Schillinger, 2003. Seed priming winter wheat for sprouting, outgrowth and output. Crop Sci. , 43: 2135-2141 Grandi, T.M. , G. J. Marinho, D. A. Lopes, and A. P. Araujo, 1999. Consequence of seed phosphoric concentration on nodulation and growing of three common bean cultivars. J. Plant Nut. 22: 1599-1611. Grzesik M, Nowak J. 1998. Effectss of matriconditioning and hydropriming on Helichrysum bracteatum L. seed sprouting, seedling outgrowth and emphasis tolerance. Seed Sci Technol 26: 363 376. Hampton, J. G. and D. M. Tekrony. 1995. Handbook of ISTA vigour trial methods. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Zurich: ISTA. 10. Jeng TL, Sung JM. 1994. Hydration consequence on lipid peroxidation and peroxide-scavenging enzyme activity of unnaturally aged peanut seeds. Seed Sci Techn. 22: 531 539 Harris, D. 1996. The effects of manure, genotype, seed priming, deepness and day of the month of seeding on the outgrowth and early growing of Sorghum bicolor ( L. ) Moench in semi-arid Botswana. Harris, D. 2002. On-farm seed priming for better harvests in fringy countries of developing Soil Tillage Res. 40:73-88. Harris, D. , Joshi, A. , Khan, P. A. , Gothkar, P. and Sodhi, P. S. 1999. On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agribusiness: development and rating in corn, rice and garbanzo in India utilizing participatory methods. Experi.Agri.35:15-29. Harris, D. , Raghuwanshi, B. S. , Gangwar, J. S. , Singh, S. C. , Joshi, K. D. , Rashid, A. and Hollington, P. A. 2001. Participatory rating by husbandmans of on-farm seed priming in wheat in India, Nepal and Pakistan. Experi.Agri.37:403-415. Harris, D. , Rashid, A. , Hollington, P. A. , Jasi, L. and Riches, C. 2002. Prospects of bettering maize outputs with on-farm seed priming. Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal : Proceedings of a Maize Symposium 2001, 180-185, ( Eds Rajbhandari, N. P. , Ransom, J. K. , Adikhari, K. and Palmer, A. F. E. ) Kathmandu, Nepal. Kathmandu: Harris, D. , Tripathi, R. S. and Joshi, A. 2000. On-farm seed priming to better cropestablishment and output in direct-seeded rice. In IRRI: International Workshop on Dry-seeded Rice Technology, Bangkok, 25-28 January 2000. The International Rice Institute, Manila, The Philippines, 164 pp. Harris, D. , Tripathi, R. S. and Joshi, A.2002. On-farm seed priming to better harvest constitution and output in dry direct-seeded rice. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Direct Seeding in Asian Rice Systems: Strategic Research Issues and Opportunities, January Hisashi, K.N and A.M. Francisco.2005.Effects of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone on the sprouting and a-amylase activity in boodle seeds. J. Plant Physiol.162: 1304-1307. Islam, A.K.M.A. , N. Anuar and Z. Yaakob, 2009. Consequence of genotypes and pre-sowing interventions on seed sprouting behaviour of Jatropha. Asiatic J. Plant Sci. 8: 433-439. Kaur, S. A. K. Gupta and N. Kaur. 2005. Seed Priming Increases Crop Yield Possibly by Modulating Enzymes of Sucrose Metabolism in Chickpea. J. Agronomy A ; Crop Science 191, 81-87 Kumar, R. , Tyagi, C. S. and Ram, C. 1989. Association of research lab seed parametric quantities with field public presentation in mungbean. Seeds Farms.15:33-36. Lee SY, Lee JH, Hong SB, Yun SH. 1998. Consequence of humidification and indurating intervention on seed sprouting of rice. Kore.J.CropSci.43:157 160. Lee, S.S. and Kim, J.H. 1999. Morphologic alteration, sugar content, a-amylase activity of rice seeds under assorted priming conditions. Kore.J.CropSci.44:138-142. Lee, S.S. and Kim, J.H. 2000. Entire sugars, a-amylase activity and sprouting after priming of normal and elderly rice seeds. Kore.J.CropSci.45:108-111. Lee, S.S. , Kim, J.H. Hong, S.B. and Yun, S.H. 1998. Effect pf humidification and indurating intervention on seed sprouting of rice. Kore.J.CropSci.43:157-160. McDonald M.B. 1999. Seed priming, in: M. Black, J.D. Bewley ( Eds. ) , Seed Technology and its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK. 287-325. McDonald, M.B. 2000.Seed priming. In: Seed Technology and Its Biological Basis ( explosive detection systems. M. Black and J.D. Bewley ) , Sheffield Acad. Press, Sheffield, England. pp. 287-326. Musa, A. M. , D. Harris, C. Johansen and J. Kumar. 2001. Short continuance garbanzo to replace fellow after AMAN rice: The function of on-farm seed priming in the high barind piece of land of Bangladesh. Expl Agric. 37: 509-521. M. Black and J.D. Bewley ( explosive detection systems. ) Sheffield Acad. Press, Sheffield, England. McDonald M.B. 1999. Seed priming, in: M. Black, J.D. Bewley ( Eds. ) , Seed Technology and its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK. 287-325. Mwale, S.S. , Hamusimbi and K. Mwansa, 2003. Germination, outgrowth and growing of helianthus ( Helianthus annus L. ) in response to osmotic seed priming. Seed Sci. Technol. , 31: 199-206. Nagar R. P. , M. Dadlani and S. P. Sharma. 1998. Consequence of hydropriming on field outgrowth and harvest growing of corn genotypes. Seed Sci Res 26: 1 5. Nayyar, H. , D. P. Walia and B. L. Kaishta.1995. Performance of bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) seeds primed with growing regulators and inorganic salts. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 65: 112-116, Nascimento, W. M. ansd S. H. West, 1999. Muskmelon transplant production in response to seed priming. Hort.Tech.9:53-55. Naseem, S. B. , Khan, A. H. , Islam, M. , Mollah, U. and Ali, M. A. 1997. Consequence of seeding methods and changing surface dirt wet on the base constitution of mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. ) . Bang. J.Scienti.Indus.Res.32:295-301. Nerson, H. and Govers, A. 1986. Salt priming of sweet melon seeds for low temperature germination.Scien.Hort.28:85-91. Peopless, M. B. , D. F. Herridge and J. K. Ladha. 1995. Biological N arrested development. An efficient beginning of N for sustainable agricultural production. Plant and Soil. 174: 3-28. Pill, W. G. and A. D. Necker. 2001. The effects of seed interventions on sprouting and constitution of Kentucky blue grass ( Poa pratensis L. ) . Seed Sci Technol 29: 65 72. Pill, W.G. 1995. Low H2O potency and pre-sowing sprouting interventions to better seed quality. In: A.S. Basra ( ed. ) . Seed quality. Food Products Press, Binghampton, N.Y. , p. 319-359 Ruan, S. , Xue Q and Tylkowska R. 2002. Effectss of seed priming on sprouting and wellness of rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) seeds. Seed Sci Technol 30: 451 458. Rahmianna, A.A. , T. Adisarwanto, G. Kirchhof and H.B. So. 2000. Crop constitution of leguminous plants in rain fed lowland rice-based cropping system. Soil Tillage Res.56: 67-82. Rashid, A. , Harris, D. , P. Hollington and Ali, S. 2004. On-farm seed priming reduces yield losingss of mungbean ( Vigna indiata ) associated with mungbean xanthous mosaic virus in NWFP of Pakistan. Crop protect. 23: 1119-1124. Rudrapal D, Nakamura S. 1998. The consequence of hydration desiccation pre-treatment on aubergine and radish seed viability and energy. Seed Sci.Tech.26:123 130. Rudrapal, D. , S. Nakamura. 1988. The consequence of hydration-dehydration pretreatments on aubergine and radish seed viability and energy, Seed Sci.Technol. 16 123-130. Saha R, Mandal AK, Basu RN. 1990. Physiology of seed animation interventions in soya bean ( Glycine max L. ) . Seed. Seed Technology and its Biological Basis, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, UK, 1999, pp. 287-325. Sekiya, N. and K. Yano. 2009. Seed P-enrichment as an effectual P supply to wheat. Plant and Soil. 327: 347-354 Steiner, J. J. 1990. Seedling rate of development index: index of energy and seedling growing response Crop science.30:1264-1271 Yamauchi and Winn T. 1996. Rice seed energy and seedling constitution in anaerobiotic dirt. Crop Sci 36: 680 686. Yoon, B.Y.H. , H.J. Lang and B.G. Cobb.1997. Priming with salt solutions improves sprouting of Viola tricolor hortensis seed at high temperatures.Hort.Sci.32: 248-250. Zheng G.H. , Wilen R.W. , Slinkard A.E. , Gusta L.V. 2002. Enhancement of canola seed sprouting and seedling outgrowth at low temperature by priming. Crop Sci.34:1589-1593. Zheng G.H. , R.W. Wilen, A. E. Slinkard and L.V. Gusta. 1994. Enhancement of canola seed sprouting and seedling outgrowth at low temperature by priming. Crop Science, 34: 1589-1593.

The Bet essays

The Bet essays The Bet is a story written by Anton Cheahov. The story is about a man who decides to take this bet. The deal is that the man must stay in prisoner fifteen years and he will receive two million dollars. Well, turns out the man leaves the his prison cell 5 minutes before the time is officially over; in return he losses the bet. The question is if this could really happen and how would it done? I think life and freedom are the most favored things in our great country and for some one to visit give their freedom up for some money would bring about these questions. I would think this would be illegal to be put someone prison for no reason. I could see in a mental hospital were you could check your self in and out, but not in a prison. Another reason I feel that you wouldnt be allowed in a prison is for your safety. You would have to be in a different part of prison because you are in their voluntary and not by force. You would also have the freedom and extra luxurys that other inmates would not have. Also how you would be treated? Would you be treated like a normal person who has the freedom to roam about the prison; or would you be treated like a criminal with no privileges. Why would someone want to do such a thing? Would you be mentally prepared to loose everything in an instead for some money. If the state would let you go through with your bet. Would you be evaluated for you mental health? They should do this test to make sure that you clearly understand what you are doing. Would it be a challenge or an escape from your bad credit or money problems? Most people would think that two million dollars for fifteen years of your life, because it is a lot of money and it would help your future financially. This is you would separate your greed from a challenge. In my conclusion about the story presented in the paragraphs above is that I feel that my reasons above support my theory that this i ...

Read 3 readings and answer 15 guiding questions about them Essay

Read 3 readings and answer 15 guiding questions about them - Essay Example Smith (547) argues that underwriting of the built environment is a crucial vessel for the accumulation of capital. Owing to the cyclical nature of the process and the durability and fixity of such underwritings new cycles of subsidies are usually linked to crises and shifts of the capital location. This is congruent with Smith’s definition of gentrification – the flow of capital from the cities. Smith (545) defines the rent gap as the difference between the probable ground rent rate and the real ground rent exploited under the current land use. The rent gap is directly proportional to the theory of gentrification. Smith (545) claims that gentrification happens when the rent gap is so wide that developers can buy shells at affordable rates, can pay the builder’s charge and gains for renovation, can service interest on residential and construction loans, and can then trade the end product at a price that guarantees a good profit for the developer. I agree that gentrification is the movement, back to the city, of capital, not people. This is because the circulation of capital is crucial in the settlement and resettlement of people, as well as gentrification. People follow capital, not the opposite. As Smith (547) argues, as per now, the people exploiting this returning capital still come from the city. According to Mitchell (923) calling homelessness in the US a crisis is to abuse language because homelessness is a fixed and justified aspect of the country’s political economy, regardless of the fact that its particular mould, its intensity, and the strategies of managing it have been both geographically and historically relevant. According to Mitchell (945), the deserving poor were those who were ready to acknowledge liability for their situations, accept donations or other gifts with the right measure of humility, start the difficult task of

Tell me about the relationship of religion and science Essay

Tell me about the relationship of religion and science - Essay Example This cannot be denied that both religion and science contradict each other in many important ways. There has been fierce completion between the two since the time of Galileo. This essay aims to illustrate the extent to which this statement could be held true that religion and science are mutually exclusive. To achieve this end, religion and science will be compared to each other on different levels discussed in following section of the essay. It will be explored why science and religion appear to be at odds with each other and if there is any chance of creating harmony between these two entities or not. It is important to mention the name of Ian Barbour when exploring the relationship between religion and science. This is because Barbour is an expert of demonstrating the position of religion in an age of science. He has explored many troubling issues in science and religion. He also demonstrated how science promotes secularity which is inhibited by religion. Religious societies do everything in their capacity to uphold religion and smother secularity. It is not as if they disregard science, rather they accept it. But, too much science can be dangerous for religion as one of the most important scientific concepts like evolution questions the religious significance of Adam and Eve. According to Barbour, there are four ways of relating religion and science namely conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration. Each of these ways helps to understand the relationship between religion and science. On a level of conflict, it has to be understood that there are many conflicts between cl assical religious dogmas and modern science. Differences are not respected by either school of thought. Modern science swallows religion and religion does the same to science. Barbour stresses that fight between the two groups â€Å"can be avoided if they occupy separate territories† (Barbour). On a level of